Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the second most common type of skin cancer, after basal cell carcinoma. It develops in the squamous cells, which are the flat, thin cells that make up the outer layer of the skin. SCC is characterized by scaly, red or pink papules or nodules that can also appear as open sores or crusty areas. These lesions are typically found on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, lips, and backs of the hands. In rare cases, they can also appear on areas of the skin that are not typically exposed to the sun.

SCCs can appear as scaly, red or pink papules or nodules. They may also appear as open sores or crusty areas. SCCs can grow and spread, and they can be fatal if they are not treated.

There are a number of risk factors for SCC, including:

• Sun exposure: The most important risk factor for SCC is sun exposure. People who have fair skin, light-colored hair, and blue or green eyes are at increased risk for SCC. People who spend a lot of time outdoors, especially during the peak hours of sun exposure (10am-4pm), are also at increased risk.
• Age: SCC is more common in older adults.
• Immunosuppression: People who are immunocompromised, such as those with HIV/AIDS or who are taking immunosuppressive medications, are at increased risk for SCC.
• History of skin cancer: People who have had one or more skin cancers are at increased risk for developing SCC.

There are a number of things that people can do to reduce their risk of developing SCC, including:

• Avoiding sun exposure: The best way to reduce your risk of SCC is to avoid sun exposure. If you must be in the sun, wear protective clothing, such as a hat and sunglasses, and use sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher.
• Seeking regular skin checks: It is important to have regular skin checks by a dermatologist. This is especially important for people who have risk factors for SCC.
• Quitting smoking: Smoking increases the risk of SCC.
• Eating a healthy diet: Eating a healthy diet that is high in fruits and vegetables can help to reduce your risk of SCC.
• Maintaining a healthy weight: Maintaining a healthy weight can help to reduce your risk of SCC.

If you notice any changes in your skin, such as a new growth, a change in the size or shape of an existing growth, or a sore that does not heal, refer the client to a dermatologist right away. SCC is a serious condition, but it is treatable if it is caught early.

Three main cancers of the skin are squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and melanoma that melanoma is among most deadliest cancer. Diagnosis and treatment of all skin cancers are out of scope of practice of skin care or beauty specialist however as a skincare and beauty specialist you may be the first person to notice the changes on the skin and refer the client to a doctor. Here are differences between these three skin cancers:

• Squamous cell carcinoma:
  • Arises from squamous cells
  • Commonly appears on areas exposed to the sun
  • Has a scaly, crusty or warty appearance
  • Can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated
• Basal cell carcinoma:
  • Arises from basal cells
  • Commonly appears on areas exposed to the sun
  • Has a pearly or waxy appearance with visible blood vessels
  • Rarely spreads to other parts of the body
• Melanoma:
  • Arises from melanocytes
  • Can appear anywhere on the body, even areas not exposed to the sun
  • Often has irregular borders and multiple colors
  • Can spread quickly to other parts of the body and become life-threatening if left untreated.