Hydrators or moisturizers are ingredients that attract water to the skin’s surface. They are essential for keeping the skin hydrated and plump, which can help to improve the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and dryness.
Hydrators typically do not directly supply water to the skin, as water is sourced from blood vessels and the body’s interior rather than from external sources. The primary function of hydrators is to safeguard the skin against losing moisture through Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL).
There are a number of different types of hydrators, each with its own unique properties. Some of the most common hydrators include:
- Humectants: Humectants attract water from the air and hold it in the skin. Some common humectants include glycerin, hyaluronic acid, and urea.
- Occlusives: Occlusives create a barrier on the skin that prevents water from evaporating. Some common occlusives include petrolatum, mineral oil, and lanolin.
- Emollients: Emollients smooth the skin and make it feel soft. Some common emollients include oils, butters, and silicones.
There are several types of hydrators available, and each works slightly differently to attract and retain water in the skin. Some common types include:
- Glycerin: A naturally occurring humectant that helps attract water to the skin’s surface. Glycerin is a popular ingredient in many skincare products due to its affordability and effectiveness.
- Hyaluronic Acid: A naturally occurring substance in the skin, hyaluronic acid can hold up to 1,000 times its weight in water, making it an excellent hydrator. It helps maintain skin’s moisture balance and plumpness, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
- Sodium PCA: Found naturally in the skin, sodium PCA is a powerful humectant that helps maintain skin hydration by attracting and holding water molecules. It also enhances the skin’s overall texture and appearance.
- Urea: A natural component of the skin’s NMF (Natural Moisturizing Factor), urea is an effective hydrator that helps improve skin barrier function, promote cell renewal, and relieve dryness.
- Sorbitol: A sugar alcohol commonly used in skincare formulations, sorbitol is an effective hydrator that helps maintain the skin’s moisture balance.
- Aloe Vera: A natural plant extract, aloe vera is a gentle hydrator that soothes and nourishes the skin while providing hydration.
In the skincare industry, particularly among estheticians and master estheticians, hydrators are often referred to as moisturizers. These products are typically applied after skincare treatments, as many procedures involve exfoliation or the use of potent cleansers, which can strip away the skin’s natural lipid layers and leave it vulnerable. Both hydrators and moisturizers work to restore the skin’s lipid layers, locking in moisture and providing a barrier against potential irritants or contaminants.