A wheal is a round, transient area of edema on the skin, often accompanied by severe itching. It is a symptom rather than a condition itself and represents an acute allergic response of the skin. The term “wheal” is often used to describe the physical appearance of hives, mosquito bites, and other types of skin reactions.
When an individual experiences a skin reaction like a wheal, this is typically due to the body’s immune response to a perceived threat. These threats can include allergens present in certain products, insect bites, or physical trauma. The skin becomes raised and itchy as a result of histamine being released in the body, causing the small blood vessels in the skin (capillaries) to leak fluid into the surrounding tissues.
The most common examples of wheals include hives and mosquito bites.
- Hives (urticaria): These are a common skin reaction that can appear as red, itchy, raised areas of various sizes and shapes. They can appear anywhere on the body and typically fade within 24 hours, although new ones might form as old ones fade. Hives can be triggered by certain foods, medications, insect stings, or even exposure to sunlight or cold. They can also occur as a result of an allergic reaction to certain ingredients in beauty products.
- Mosquito bites: When a mosquito bites, it injects saliva into the skin. The immune system reacts to the proteins in the saliva, causing a small, itchy bump to form. This is a type of wheal.
Wheals can be caused by a variety of things, including:
- Insect bites
- Food allergies
- Medication allergies
- Contact allergies
- Stress
- Infections
- Sun exposure
Wheals are usually harmless and go away on their own within a few hours or days. However, in some cases, they can be severe and require medical attention.
Here are some practical tips for handling wheals and similar skin reactions:
- Product Knowledge: Know the ingredients of the products you are using. If a client has a known allergy, avoid products containing that allergen. In the case of unknown allergies, always conduct a patch test before applying a new product to the entire face or body.
- Patch Testing: Patch testing involves applying a small amount of product to a discreet area of skin and observing for any adverse reactions. This can help to prevent a larger reaction from occurring.
- First Aid Training: Have basic first aid training and an understanding of how to treat minor allergic reactions. This could include applying a cool compress to soothe the skin or using over-the-counter remedies like antihistamine creams.
- Professional Referral: If a client has a severe reaction, they should be referred to a healthcare professional. An esthetician can help identify a skin reaction, but treatment should be left to medical professionals.
- Aftercare Advice: After a skin reaction, advise clients to avoid potential irritants, keep the skin clean and moisturized, and avoid scratching the area to prevent further damage or potential infection.
Remember, the best approach is always prevention. Always be aware of your client’s skin condition, allergies, and sensitivity to ensure a safe and effective treatment.