Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition that causes patches of skin to become red, inflamed, and covered with silvery scales. It is an autoimmune disease, which means that the body’s immune system attacks its own cells. In the case of psoriasis, the immune system attacks the skin cells, causing them to grow too quickly. The extra skin cells build up on the surface of the skin, forming the characteristic red patches and silvery scales.
Psoriasis is a common condition, affecting about 7.5 million people in the United States. It can occur at any age, but it is most common in adults between the ages of 20 and 30. Psoriasis can be mild, moderate, or severe. There is no cure for psoriasis, but there are treatments that can help to control the symptoms.
Although the exact cause of psoriasis is not fully understood, immune system dysfunction is believed to be a significant factor. In psoriasis, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, triggering an accelerated skin cell production cycle. Genetic factors, environmental triggers (e.g., stress, infections, skin injuries), and lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking, obesity) can also contribute to the development of the condition.
Some of the factors that may trigger psoriasis flares include:
- Stress
- Infection
- Injuries to the skin
- Medications, such as lithium or beta-blockers
- Smoking
- Alcohol use
- Certain foods, such as shellfish or alcohol
- Changes in the weather
Symptoms of Psoriasis:
Psoriasis typically presents as patches of thick, red skin covered with white-silver scales. These patches can be itchy, painful, and may crack and bleed. The most commonly affected areas include the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back. However, psoriasis can also affect other parts of the body, such as nails and joints.
There is no one-size-fits-all treatment for psoriasis. The best treatment for each person will depend on the severity of their psoriasis and the areas of their body that are affected. Some of the treatments that may be used to treat psoriasis include:
- Topical treatments, such as corticosteroids, tar, or vitamin D analogues
- Light therapy, such as ultraviolet B (UVB) light therapy or phototherapy
- Systemic medications, such as methotrexate or cyclosporine
- Biologic medications, such as adalimumab or etanercept
Diagnosing and treating psoriasis falls outside the scope of skincare and beauty professionals, and clients should consult a qualified physician. Nevertheless, as a skincare professional, you can assist clients with psoriasis by recommending soothing and anti-inflammatory skincare products. Gentle exfoliation can help remove flakes from the skin, but it is important to use mild products and monitor for any reactions. Moisturizers play a crucial role in helping most clients, so be sure to select gentle, soothing options and watch for any adverse reactions.
You can also advise clients to gradually eliminate potential psoriasis triggers to identify the specific factors that exacerbate their condition. Overall, treatment and care for a client or patient with psoriasis involve collaboration between a physician, an esthetician, and potentially a mental health specialist.