pH adjusters are acids or alkalis (bases) used to adjust the pH of products. They are used in a variety of beauty and skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and masks. pH adjusters can help to balance the pH of the skin, which can help to improve the overall health and appearance of the skin.
The skin has a natural protective barrier called the acid mantle, which has a slightly acidic pH of around 4.5-5.5. This barrier is crucial for maintaining the skin’s health, as it protects against bacteria, allergens, and environmental irritants. Products with a pH level that closely matches the skin’s natural pH will help maintain the acid mantle, avoiding any potential irritation or damage.
Acids and Bases:
Acids are substances that have a pH level below 7, while bases have a pH level above 7. In skincare products, acids and bases are used as pH adjusters to alter the pH level of a product to make it more compatible with the skin’s natural pH.
There are two main types of pH adjusters: acids and bases. Acids are substances that have a pH less than 7, while bases have a pH greater than 7. Acids can help to lower the pH of the skin, while bases can help to raise the pH of the skin.
Some common acids and bases used as pH adjusters include:
Acids:
- Citric acid
- Lactic acid
- Glycolic acid
- Tartaric acid
b. Bases:
- Sodium hydroxide (lye)
- Potassium hydroxide
- Triethanolamine (TEA)
- Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
pH adjusters can help to restore the skin’s natural pH balance. They do this by adding or removing hydrogen ions from the skin. Hydrogen ions are positively charged particles that can disrupt the skin’s natural pH balance.
In many skincare products, such as cleansers, toners, and exfoliants, pH adjusters are added to balance the pH level. The goal is to create a product that respects the skin’s natural pH, ensuring that it doesn’t strip away the protective acid mantle. For example, a product containing alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) might be too acidic and potentially irritating. Adding a pH adjuster, such as a base, will help neutralize the acidity, making the product safer and more comfortable for the skin.
pH balancing is a key factor that sets apart DIY and homemade skincare items from professional products. DIY and homemade solutions may not be tailored to suit the ideal skin pH, potentially leading to reduced effectiveness, neutralization upon contact with the skin’s acidity, or improper absorption. Both pH adjustment and preservation are the primary constraints when using DIY and homemade skincare products.