Keratosis refers to an abnormally thick buildup of cells in the outer layer of the skin (epidermis), typically caused by an overproduction of keratinocytes. Keratinocytes are the predominant cells in the epidermis, and their primary function is to produce keratin, a fibrous protein that forms the structural component of hair, nails, and the outer layer of skin. There are several types of keratosis, including actinic keratosis, seborrheic keratosis, and keratosis pilaris. Each has different characteristics, causes, and treatments.
A few types of keratosis play a significant role in the skincare and beauty industry, as outlined below:
- Actinic Keratosis (AK): Actinic keratosis, also known as solar keratosis, is characterized by rough, scaly patches on the skin caused by long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or tanning beds. These patches can be red, brown, or skin-colored and are often found on sun-exposed areas like the face, scalp, ears, neck, and hands.
- Seborrheic Keratosis (SK): Seborrheic keratosis is a common, benign skin growth that appears as raised, waxy or scaly patches, often resembling warts. They can vary in color from light tan to dark brown and can appear anywhere on the body, except the palms and soles.
- Keratosis Pilaris (KP): Keratosis pilaris is a common, harmless skin condition characterized by small, rough bumps on the skin, usually found on the upper arms, thighs, cheeks, or buttocks. These bumps occur due to a buildup of keratin around hair follicles.
Several suggestions for managing and treating various forms of keratosis include:
- Encourage clients to maintain a consistent skincare routine that includes gentle exfoliation and moisturizing. Recommend using products containing alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) like glycolic or lactic acid, or urea, to help exfoliate and moisturize the skin.
- Advise clients to avoid picking at the bumps, as this can lead to scarring and infection.
- Although there is no cure for keratosis pilaris, consistent skincare can help improve its appearance. However, it may worsen or improve with age, depending on the individual.