A cyst is a closed, abnormally developed sac containing fluid, infection, or other matter above or below the skin. Cysts are common and can occur anywhere on the body, but they are most common on the skin, breasts, ovaries, and kidneys.
There are many different types of cysts, each with its own set of causes and symptoms. Some of the most common types of cysts include:
- Epidermoid cysts are the most common type of cyst. They are usually small, round, and painless. They are filled with a thick, white or yellow substance called keratin, which is the same substance that makes up the outer layer of skin.
- Sebaceous cysts are also common. They are caused by a blockage of a sebaceous gland, which is a gland that produces oil. Sebaceous cysts are usually small and painless, but they can become infected and painful.
- Miliated cysts are small, white, raised bumps that are often found on the face. They are caused by a blockage of the hair follicles. Miliated cysts are usually harmless, but they can be unsightly.
- Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop on one or both ovaries. Ovarian cysts are common, especially in women of childbearing age. Most ovarian cysts are harmless and go away on their own. However, some ovarian cysts can cause pain, swelling, and other symptoms.
- Kidney cysts are fluid-filled sacs that develop in the kidneys. Kidney cysts are common, especially in older adults. Most kidney cysts are harmless and go away on their own. However, some kidney cysts can cause pain, swelling, and other symptoms.
The treatment for a cyst depends on the type of cyst, the size of the cyst, and the symptoms. Some cysts go away on their own, while others need to be treated. Treatment options for cysts include:
- No treatment. Some cysts are small and harmless and do not need to be treated.
- Aspiration. Aspiration is a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the cyst and the fluid is removed.
- Excision. Excision is a procedure in which the cyst is surgically removed.
- Medication. Medications, such as antibiotics, may be used to treat cysts that are infected.